Application of ITK in Modern Horticulture: Redefining Tradition

Indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) in horticulture represents a repository of sustainable, eco-friendly practices rooted in local traditions, cultural heritage, and farmer ingenuity. Orally transmitted across generations, ITK embodies centuries of experiential learning and adaptation to diverse agroecological conditions. Recent interest in integrating ITK with modern scientific and technological advances has opened promising pathways for sustainable, resilient horticultural systems. This chapter examines the pivotal role of ITK in redefining modern horticulture by enhancing soil fertility, pest and disease management, water conservation, seed preservation, post-harvest processing, and crop diversification. Case studies from India’s tribal, arid, and hill regions illustrate the successful integration of locally adapted ITK practices with innovations such as drip fertigation, protected cultivation, biopesticide formulations, and organic certification systems. This synergy improves productivity, profitability, and strengthens local food systems and climate resilience. The chapter also highlights efforts to document, validate, and disseminate ITK through farmer field schools, participatory rural appraisal, and open-access digital platforms. The roles of farmers, researchers, and institutions in promoting ITK via inclusive policy frameworks are critically analyzed. Ultimately, ITK emerges as a dynamic, adaptable, and culturally sensitive tool for advancing climate-smart horticulture and rural development.