Countering Hate Cultures

The impact of generative hate, and digital hate more broadly, runs deeper than at the level of individual harm. For communities, generative hate content fosters division, normalizes extremist views, and silences dissenting voices through desensitization and fear. And for society, generative hate entrenches harmful stereotypes, privileges dominant groups, and exploits realistic media to spread misinformation, eroding trust and weakening cohesion. Filtering, removing, and moderating hateful material online may help prevent further harm for individuals who might otherwise encounter that material, but it does not meaningfully address the issue of where hate comes from in the first place. This chapter explores approaches to countering the deeper hate cultures that underlie online hate, from counter speech to collective attention and government regulation. As a society, how can we begin to address the deeper sources of hate?