The increasing frequency of extreme weather events has exacerbated lodging-related yield losses in wheat, presenting a significant barrier to crop stability, harvest efficiency, and global food security. Lodging, particularly when it occurs near physiological maturity, substantially reduces both grain yield and quality, highlighting the critical need to improve lodging resistance in modern wheat cultivars. Susceptibility to lodging results from complex interactions among stem morphological, anatomical, and biochemical characteristics, in addition to environmental and management variables. Elucidating these interactions and identifying the key traits distinguishing lodging-resistant from susceptible genotypes remain essential research objectives. Current mitigation approaches combine chemical regulation, agronomic optimization, and genetic enhancement. Recent advances in quantitative trait loci mapping, genome-wide association studies, genomic selection, and genome editing have significantly increased the precision and efficiency of identifying and manipulating loci associated with lodging resistance. Simultaneously, developments in plant physiology and phenotyping, including high-throughput phenomics, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence–driven predictive modelling, have enabled large-scale, environmentally responsive assessment of lodging-related traits. These methodologies support the integration of complementary resistance mechanisms and the development of ideotypes adapted to diverse agro-climatic environments. Nevertheless, substantial gaps remain in understanding genotype–phenotype–environment interactions and in translating genetic improvements into reliable field performance. This chapter reviews recent scientific progress, emerging technologies, and ongoing challenges in lodging resistance research and identifies future priorities for integrated breeding and crop management strategies to develop high-yielding, lodging-resilient wheat cultivars for a changing climate.