Soil salinity and sodicity are major abiotic stresses that severely constrain wheat productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Elevated salt concentrations disrupt plant physiological processes through osmotic stress, ion toxicity, nutrient imbalance, and oxidative damage, ultimately causing poor germination, stunted growth, and significant yield losses. With salinization intensifying due to unsustainable irrigation practices, groundwater depletion, climate change, and seawater intrusion, the threat to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation is expected to escalate further. This chapter synthesizes both historical progress and recent advances in enhancing wheat resilience to salinity stress, with an emphasis on physiological and molecular mechanisms, plant breeding, genomics, transgenics, genome editing, and omics-based approaches. It also highlights the transformative potential of digital agriculture, high-throughput phenotyping, and big data analytics in accelerating research and deployment. Statistical insights into salinity-affected areas, yield impacts, and adoption trends are discussed, alongside future projections and policy frameworks. The integration of traditional breeding, advanced technologies, and farmer-centric strategies is crucial to achieving sustainable wheat production and ensuring global food security under escalating salinity stress.