Cross-Border Economic Dynamics: The Strategic Role of Northeast Thailand in Indochina’s Economic Corridor

Focusing on the transition from an agricultural hinterland to a key player in cross-border trade, this work investigates the strategic role of Northeast Thailand (Isan) within Indochina's economic integration. Located at the heart of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), Isan benefits from enhanced infrastructure development, including roads, railways, and special economic zones (SEZs), which have facilitated its role as a gateway between Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. This article examines the political, economic, and social transformations that have enabled Northeast Thailand to emerge as a pivotal economic hub within the Indochina Economic Corridor. Key drivers include the development of cross-border infrastructure, trade agreements, and regional cooperation initiatives such as the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). However, the region still faces challenges, including income inequality, environmental concerns, and uneven infrastructure development. The review concludes by assessing the prospects for Isan’s continued growth and integration into the regional economy.