Traditional asphalt pavements face persistent challenges including cracking, raveling, and moisture-induced surface degradation, which accelerate friction and texture loss and increase maintenance needs. Self-healing and self-sensing asphalt mixtures provide emerging material-level solutions to extend pavement life and enable in-layer condition feedback. This review advances the literature by jointly analyzing the interaction between healing mechanisms (microcapsules, vascular networks, and induction/induction-assisted heating) and pavement-focused sensing strategies (conductive fillers, strain-responsive composites, and embedded sensor layers). Unlike prior reviews that assess healing or sensing independently, this study highlights their functional interdependence under repeated traffic loading, thermal cycling, and moisture conditioning, identifying when sensing additives aid—or interfere with—healing activation and signal stability. While notable progress exists in healing recovery and sensing response, barriers remain in mixture workability, scalability, durability, and cost. Digital integration is assessed strictly within pavement friction and distress feedback workflows, followed by targeted directions for nano-enabled healing fillers and performance-based sensing standardization to accelerate field adoption.