The construction industry stands as the largest sector globally, yet it faces challenges concerning premature material degradation. This has prompted the development of various sensing methods and techniques to ensure the quality of construction materials in infrastructure projects. Electromagnetic NDT methods is most commonly used for testing various materials. The principle of employing electromagnetic (EM) waves as an NDTE method for concrete is that the EM properties are varied according to an alternation in material composition or structure or its condition. To describe this phenomenon, the values such as characteristic wave impedance (reflected wave), dielectric constant, loss factor, velocity of waves, wavelength of waves, and depth of penetration are therefore determined for concrete material at different frequencies between 7.0 and 13.0 GHz by an electromagnetic sensor with a guide wave technique. The EM response was systematically investigated in terms of several material and curing parameters, such as the curing age, water-to-cement ratio (w/c), moisture content, curing method, cement type, and aggregate type and size. The results demonstrated that the dielectric properties are largely influenced by curing conditions, decrease with the age of the cured samples, and increase with moisture content. At early ages, concretes with w/c lower ratios present low dielectric values; however, they increase after complete hydration. Compared to granite aggregates, the variations of reflection for the limestone-containing mixtures were lower, and those of dielectric constant and loss were higher. No significant differences were encountered between Type I and Type II cement. The findings of this study show that microwave NDTE with a waveguide is a viable, non-destructive method for estimating significant properties of concrete, including moisture content, compressive strength, and w/c ratio.