Monitoring the Land Surface Temperature, Normalize Difference Water Index, Normalize Difference Vegetation Index, and Normalize Difference Built Index in Mumbai Suburban area, Maharashtra, India

The monitoring of environmental parameters such as LST, NDWI, NDVI, and NDBI in Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, India is crucial for understanding the effect of urbanization on local ecosystems, climate, and human health. Here, we conduct a spatiotemporal analysis of these significant environmental indicators and discuss their relevance to urban planning and environmental management. However, LST monitoring helps analyze the urban heat island effects and temperature variation that will help in planning climate adaptation and urban heat mitigation activities in the Mumbai Suburban region. NDWI usage enables us to detect surface water bodies and hydrological dynamics, while NDVI assessment gives us information on vegetation dynamics and ecosystem health. Moreover, the extracted information from NDBI is useful in built-up area and urban expansion mapping which provides a measure of the trend toward land surface area that is being urbanized. Incorporating remote sensing technologies, geospatial analysis techniques, and environmental-monitoring approaches, this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the environmental dynamics and urbanization processes in the Mumbai Suburban area. This study demonstrates the significance of tracking important environmental indicators in rapidly urbanizing areas, with the results of this work having broader implications in the areas of sustainable urban planning, biodiversity conservation, and climate resilience.