Unity and Authoritarianism in the Leadership of Kwame Nkrumah
摘要
The first Prime Minister of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah, called to unify African countries politically and economically as a means to enhance national independence and to cope with external interventions from western governments and global companies. At the same time, he established a single-party state in Ghana combining both the monarchical tendency, which was reflected in his use of the title “Osagyefo” and the Leninist vanguard tradition. Nkrumah believed in the cultural principles of harmony, cooperation, collectivism and consensus. Thus, and in contrast to western notions of authority, Nkrumah combines both harmony and authoritative leadership style in his leadership. Based on Nkrumah’s biography, the chapter analyzes the model of unifying leadership in education and suggests three elements that merge both unity and pluralism.