Analysis of User-Side Energy Storage Revenues Based on Multi-market Clearing

China’s energy and power supply structure is continuously adjusting, with an increasing proportion of renewable energy integration into the grid. Due to the randomness and instability of clean energy generation such as wind and solar, there is an impact on the safety of the power grid. Energy storage has become a strategic solution to address this issue owing to its inherent characteristics. By applying energy storage on the user side, it can ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system and enhance the economic efficiency of electricity consumption for users. To reasonably analyze the economic viability of user-side energy storage, this paper first elucidates three common revenue methods in energy storage arbitrage markets: Peak and valley arbitrage, Demand management, and Demand-side response. Subsequently, a target function for minimizing user electricity costs is established, with constraints set according to the operating characteristics of the energy storage battery and market regulations. Finally, through practical examples, the income situations of the three revenue models are compared, revealing that the income from the Peak and valley arbitrage model is less than that from the Peak and valley arbitrage \(+\) Demand management model, which in turn is less than that from the Peak and valley arbitrage \(+\) Demand management \(+\) Demand-side response model.