Performance Simulation and Comparative Analysis of Photovoltaic, Solar Thermal, and Photovoltaic-Solar Thermal Systems for Smart Greenhouses in Cold Rural Areas
摘要
This study evaluates the performance and economy of photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal (ST), and photovoltaic solar thermal integrated (PV/T) systems in reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions in cold-region agricultural greenhouses. Simulations compared electrical and thermal output, efficiency, and payback period. The PV system excels in low temperatures, offering high efficiency and a short payback period with electric heating. The ST system provides high thermal efficiency but relies on external power. The PV/T system generates both power and heat but has a high initial cost and limited cooling efficiency in cold seasons. The PV system is ideal for high power demand and low-cost heat storage.