Development and Overview of Spinal Navigation: Engineering Aspects

Spinal navigation systems have revolutionized the field of spine surgery by providing real-time visualization and precise tracking of surgical instruments that support minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedures. These systems enhance the accuracy and safety of spine procedures, leading to less invasive surgeries and improved patient outcomes (Xiao et al. J Neurosurg Spine 26(5):628–637, 2017; Baky et al. Spine Deform 7(4):577–581, 2019; Hodges et al. Orthopedics 35(8):e1221–4, 2012). This chapter explores the key components, technology, and engineering aspects of surgical navigation systems in spine surgery, along with the current challenges and a preview of future directions in this field.