Clinical Evidence of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Review

In recent decades, the emergence of minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS) has transformed the management of spinal disorders through advanced techniques that enable precise intervention while preserving surrounding tissues [1]. Unlike traditional open spine surgery—which requires extensive tissue dissection via ​larger incisions—MISS utilizes​ miniature incisions, specialized access working portals and extended instruments, and advanced imaging technologies to address spinal pathology [2]. These approaches are indicated for neural decompression, spinal oncology, traumatic injuries, and fusion procedures, achieving analogous therapeutic outcomes ​to open surgery with demonstrably reduced iatrogenic trauma [3–5].