Overview of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) has emerged over the past three decades as a paradigm shift in the surgical management of spinal disorders, aiming to achieve equivalent or superior clinical and radiographic outcomes compared with traditional open procedures while minimizing approach-related morbidity. The core philosophy of MISS is to accomplish the surgical objectives, whether decompression, stabilization, or deformity correction, through techniques that preserve paraspinal musculature, reduce iatrogenic injury to soft tissues, and limit the physiological stress of surgery [1, 2].