Biobased Material Confluences: Investigating Material Formulation and 3D Printing Parameters for Biochar-Mycelium Building Composites

This study explores biochar-mycelium composites for 3D printing in sustainable construction. Through four tests, we investigate material formulation, printability, and structural performance, evaluating biochar content, flour types, geometrical configuration of the 3D printing paths, and wood fiber integration. Findings suggest that biochar content, flour type and optimized geometries enhance mycelium growth by influencing antimicrobial properties and material’s oxygenation while reducing shrinkage, compared to lignocellulose-based composites. These insights contribute to developing biobased composites with improved mechanical properties, supporting circular construction practices and advancing bio fabrication for architectural applications.