Dynamic Power Allocation in Multi-stack Fuel Cell Systems: A State Machine Strategy Incorporating Degradation Mechanisms

Multi-Stack Fuel Cell systems (MSFCs), due to their modular design and adaptability to complex operating conditions, have become a research hotspot, but efficient and stable power distribution remains the key challenge to performance optimization. This paper proposes a state-machine-based power allocation method that integrates fuel cell degradation mechanisms and high-efficiency operating zones, defining transitions between multi-stack operating states to enable rapid decision-making and dynamic power distribution, ensuring real-time responsiveness and operational flexibility. Compared to traditional Equal Power Allocation (EPA) and Daisy Chain Power Allocation (DCPA) strategies, the proposed method shows significant advantages in reducing fuel cell degradation, while ensuring that all three fuel cell stacks operate predominantly within the high-efficiency region (efficiency > 0.5) with smaller fluctuations. The results demonstrate that this method not only reduces frequent power fluctuations but also provides a new solution for the intelligent and modular operation and management of MSFCs.