Flexible and stretchable electronic systems have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their potential applications in wearable devices, biomedical sensors, soft robotics, and next generation electronic packaging. Unlike conventional rigid electronic components, flexible electronics are required to maintain stable electrical performance while undergoing various forms of mechanical deformation, including bending, stretching, compression, and torsion. In such systems, conductive inks serve as the fundamental building blocks for creating electrically conductive pathways on flexible substrates. The ability of these inks to preserve conductivity under repeated mechanical loading is therefore a critical factor that determines the overall reliability and durability of the devices.