The traditional hybrid energy storage control method has the problem that the state of charge (SOC) of photovoltaic DC microgrid energy storage is out of range. Therefore, a multi-mode energy management control strategy based on hybrid energy storage state of charge monitoring is proposed. According to the state of charge of battery (Bat) and super capacitor (SC), the strategy divides the two energy storage SOC into five zones. It designs multiple operation modes for these five zones to balance the DC microgrid system, stabilize the power, and ensure energy storage operates within a reasonable state of charge range. The simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink, and the results show that the proposed strategy can operate stably under all working conditions, achieve smooth switching of all states, ensure the SOC of energy storage equipment is within a reasonable range and effectively suppress DC bus voltage fluctuations.