3D scanning and 3D printing represent transformative technologies in maxillofacial radiology, enabling precise digital capture, virtual manipulation, and physical reproduction of patient-specific anatomy. These technologies extend the capabilities of conventional imaging by translating radiographic and surface-acquired data into tangible models and surgical guides, enhancing diagnostic visualization, treatment planning, and procedural accuracy. In oral and maxillofacial practice, integration of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optical scanning allows comprehensive three-dimensional data acquisition, which can be processed into printable formats for diverse clinical and research applications. This chapter details the principles of 3D scanning, the digital workflow from image segmentation to printable file generation, and the various additive manufacturing methods applicable to dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. Emphasis is placed on clinical applications such as patient-specific anatomical models, custom prosthetic design, guided implant placement, orthognathic surgical planning, and forensic reconstructions. The role of 3D printing in dental education, simulation training, and morphometric research is also discussed.By framing 3D scanning and printing as essential tools in modern maxillofacial radiology, this chapter highlights their capacity to improve procedural precision, facilitate patient communication, and advance personalized care, while also addressing limitations and future developments such as bioprinting and AI-assisted workflows.