RNA-Based Therapeutics in Cancer

Background: Within the range of diseases that are conducive to impermanence and which occur in many different areas around the world, cancer is one of the most widespread ones. There are different limitations to the use of unadventurous therapies to cure cancer such as toxicity, resistance, and lack of specificity. Conversely, RNA-based cancer therapeutics, especially RNA interference (RNAi), can lead to selective regulation and treatment of genes. Aim and Objectives: With the objective of deepening understanding of the differential potential of siRNA and miRNA strategies, and in the regulation of gene expression involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Methodology: Nonfiction published between 2000 and 2021 was retrieved through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Clinical and preclinical studies involving the use of siRNA and miRNA for the treatment of cancer and determining their mechanism of action, carrier, and treatment results. Results: Silencing of several critically important oncogenes such as KRAS, BCL2, and VeGF may reduce the tumor growth and angiogenesis by silencing the expression of BEGF and its receptors with RNAi. For example, miRNA-based strategies have been shown to attempt to repair the dysregulated tumor suppressor pathways. Newer delivery vehicles based on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and polymeric materials overcome the instability of RNAs and limited delivery to the tumor cells. Conclusion: RNA-based therapeutic technology has great promise not only for its specificity and multiplexing (more on this below) for attacks on oncogenes, but also its potential to attack many different pathways at once through a single assault. In addition, delivery has continued to get better.