Kiln Sites and Firing Techniques of the Liao Dynasty

This chapter examines the ceramic industry of the Liao dynasty through a systematic analysis of kiln site distribution, technical characteristics, and industrial organization. Section 2.1 outlines the geographical spread of known Liao kilns, highlighting regional clusters and their relationship to natural resources. Section 2.2 delves into specific kiln sites and associated archaeological issues and unresolved problems in site identification. Section 2.3 summarizes the technical features of Liao ceramics and draws comparisons with contemporary industries of the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song dynasty. Section 2.4 addresses the debate over whether Liao kilns operated under official commission or as civilian craft industries. Finally, Section 2.5 focuses on the dating of the Lindong kiln, presenting key chronological indicators and refining the site’s production timeline. Together, the chapter offers a comprehensive overview of Liao ceramic production, bridging archaeological data with historical and technical perspectives.