From this chapter onward, I would like to build a new economics on sustainability. In the new economics, we would like to call the sustainable object discussed in the previous chapter the capital base, inspired by the fund-service resources of ecological economics. On the other hand, stock-flow resources in ecological economics are called throughput resources. I clarify that the management principle of capital base and the management principle of throughput are different. I state that the capital base has to be properly secured according to human needs so that human potential can be realized, and the throughput resources have to be properly managed so that the environmental load is within the allowable range for the purpose of securing the capital base. I also propose new economic management indicators such as “complete care” and “capital base amount per capita” for sustainable economic management introduced by new economics.