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Tuberculosis (TB) is a silent epidemic, which is increasing gradually and requires attention, with high burden of TB cases and deaths due to TB is very crucial in today’s world. The initiation of TB-preventive treatment (TPT), which is a part of WHO’s “End TB Strategy,” has been identified as a key approach to reducing TB incidence, and also in preventing the disease. The current manuscript address on the difficulties and approaches in the treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI). A target-based approach for latent TB screening, particularly among populations suspected of TB exposure, alongside effective contact tracing, is a vital first step. In addition to initiating precise and short-course treatment for LTBI, it is essential for healthcare systems to make sure that the patients complete the entire course of the short-course management regimens such as the 3HP and 4R, which are considered to be efficacious and safe with less side effects of hepatotoxicity, also have a high completion rate in comparison to the long regimens such as 6–9 months of isoniazid monotherapy (6H/9H). Leveraging existing infrastructure and resources is critical to managing contact tracing and LTBI treatment effectively. However, inconsistent guidelines on TB contact screening, combined with limited public awareness about LTBI screening services, create major obstacles that hinder screening efforts. Other significant concerns for LTBI treatment include poverty, malnutrition, coinfection with HIV, increased timeline for management, potential side effects, and extra costs. Therefore, cost-effective, shorter-duration treatments with fewer side effects, along with population-specific treatment strategies, social support, and a dedicated healthcare workforce, are crucial to initiate and successfully complete the latent TB treatment. Community engagement and education within the active TB patient population are also vital for global TB eradication efforts. While the ultimate solution for TB elimination lies in a comprehensive LTBI management program, optimizing existing tools and strategies is key to making progress toward TB elimination in the meantime. The chapter is organized into a segment that focuses on the treatment options available for latent tuberculosis infection.

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Treatment, Challenges, and Opportunity of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Aishwarya Govindaswamy,
  • Parul Singh,
  • Krati Agarwal,
  • Subodh Kumar

摘要

Tuberculosis (TB) is a silent epidemic, which is increasing gradually and requires attention, with high burden of TB cases and deaths due to TB is very crucial in today’s world. The initiation of TB-preventive treatment (TPT), which is a part of WHO’s “End TB Strategy,” has been identified as a key approach to reducing TB incidence, and also in preventing the disease. The current manuscript address on the difficulties and approaches in the treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI). A target-based approach for latent TB screening, particularly among populations suspected of TB exposure, alongside effective contact tracing, is a vital first step. In addition to initiating precise and short-course treatment for LTBI, it is essential for healthcare systems to make sure that the patients complete the entire course of the short-course management regimens such as the 3HP and 4R, which are considered to be efficacious and safe with less side effects of hepatotoxicity, also have a high completion rate in comparison to the long regimens such as 6–9 months of isoniazid monotherapy (6H/9H). Leveraging existing infrastructure and resources is critical to managing contact tracing and LTBI treatment effectively. However, inconsistent guidelines on TB contact screening, combined with limited public awareness about LTBI screening services, create major obstacles that hinder screening efforts. Other significant concerns for LTBI treatment include poverty, malnutrition, coinfection with HIV, increased timeline for management, potential side effects, and extra costs. Therefore, cost-effective, shorter-duration treatments with fewer side effects, along with population-specific treatment strategies, social support, and a dedicated healthcare workforce, are crucial to initiate and successfully complete the latent TB treatment. Community engagement and education within the active TB patient population are also vital for global TB eradication efforts. While the ultimate solution for TB elimination lies in a comprehensive LTBI management program, optimizing existing tools and strategies is key to making progress toward TB elimination in the meantime. The chapter is organized into a segment that focuses on the treatment options available for latent tuberculosis infection.