The rapid advancement of digital technologies has greatly accelerated the development of financial technology (FinTech), which refers to the application of innovative technologies to enhance and transform financial services. This paper provides an overview of the FinTech discipline, beginning with its conceptual definition and the technological foundations that support it, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Generative AI (GenAI), and the Metaverse. We examine how these technologies individually and collectively contribute to FinTech innovation, focusing on their synergistic integration to improve financial operations, service personalization, and customer engagement. Further, the paper discusses key challenges in the current FinTech landscape, such as regulatory concerns and operational risks. Finally, we outline future development opportunities and research prospects that may shape the evolution of FinTech. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of emerging FinTech technologies and serve as a reference for both academic research and industry practice.