Natural renewable resources, waste disposal, and industrial carbon dioxide (CO2) feedstocks are the sources of sustainable polymers, which may be recycled in an environmentally friendly manner to reach End-of-Life (EoL) through biodegradation and composability. The manufacturing of sustainable polymers from materials that are renewable, and the many sustainability pillars are highlighted in this chapter. A brief discussion is given of the green method, microbial fermentation, and nanotechnological perspectives in the production of polymeric materials. The challenges of recycling and composting, industrial scale-up, data repeatability, and storage via promising results that are still in the early stages of development are some of the barriers to the adoption of sustainable polymers. With the goal to reduce the excessive use of traditional plastics, the development and implementation of customized sustainable polymeric composites in industrial applications such as packaging, electrical, and medical equipment is speeding up and establishing an improved circular economy. In conclusion, the ironic era of synthetic plastics may be ushered in by sustainable polymers through reduce, reuse, and recycle technologies that manage our planet’s carbon footprint in a very difficult way.