This concluding chapter synthesizes findings from the three empirical domains examined in Chapters 3–5 and draws methodological and policy-relevant conclusions. Cross-domain LMDI decomposition reveals important patterns in the ENVIRONMENT and PRIORITY effects across technology sectors. The ENVIRONMENT effect diverged systematically by country: clearly negative at the USPTO, reflecting a broad retreat from environmental technology prioritization; near-zero at the EPO and KIPO; positive but declining at the JPO; and strongly increasing at the CNIPA, demonstrating the effectiveness of China’s sustained policy commitment. A further cross-cutting pattern is the parallel reorientation of R&D priorities across all three domains—from solar to wind, from ICEV to EV, and from air and water pollution to waste management—indicating that innovation systems are actively restructuring environmental technology portfolios in response to market opportunities, policy signals, and technology maturation. These findings highlight the decisive role of stable, long-term policy commitments in sustaining environmental technology innovation.