The chapter provides a desktop-based review of trends and key research themes concerning modalities of delivery in education from 2014–2023. During this period, research on online and BL in education has significantly expanded, with a growing focus on various aspects, including emerging modalities of delivery in the twenty-first century; modalities of delivery in higher education, in K–12 service teachers’ PD; and in actual training programs in ICT skills for K–12 teachers of foreign languages. The findings would be corroborated with teachers’ needs in the Vietnamese context, which would enable the researcher to gain more evidence and understand solid rationale for the decision making of a suitable modality of delivery in training for the K–12 in-service EFL teachers in Vietnam.