The cellular drug delivery vehicle has great prospects in biomedical applications. The cellular drug delivery system uses specific cells as drug carriers and utilizes the congenital disease sensing and homing characteristics of these cells to deliver therapeutic and diagnostic agents to the diseased site to achieve high targeting efficiency. In this review, the research progress of stem cells, monocytes/macrophage cells, T cells, red blood cells (RBC), bacteria, and dendritic cells as drug carriers is summarized in recent years, and future challenges are discussed.