Despite the extensive application of conventional therapies, most of these strategies, especially in the forms of monotherapy, are found to be inefficient in cancer therapy in clinic. Combined therapy, a polytherapy modality that combines multiple treatment strategies and therapeutic agents, has become a more promising approach with improved outcomes in anti-cancer treatment. This approach could solve the difficulties and challenges caused by the intrinsic heterogeneity and complexity of cancer, such as multiple drug resistance (MDR) and high metastatic potential, which is generally considered as the most crucial cause of treatment failure. So far, three types of combined therapy for cancer treatment, including the combination of chemical and nucleic acid drugs, chemo-immunotherapy, and combined therapy of immunotherapy with photothermal therapy (PTT) or photodynamic therapy (PDT), have been developed and extensively evaluated in both preclinical and clinical stages. This session summarizes recent advances in utilizing the combination of multiple therapies and therapeutics to improve the outcomes of cancer treatment.