Cardiac Evaluation of Children Born to Mothers with Diabetes Mellitus

Maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common conditions complicating pregnancies. Generally, there is an increased risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in babies from women with pregestational DM by around five-fold (3–5%) compared with the general population. In one study the incidence was reported to be even as high as 15% with a higher relative risk noted for specific cardiac defects, including heterotaxy, truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and single-ventricle defects.