Basics of Fourier Analysis for High-Energy Astronomy

The analysis of time variability, whether fast variations on time scales well below the second or slow changes over years, is becoming more and more important in high-energy astronomy. Many sophisticated tools are available for data analysis, and complex practical aspects are described in technical papers. Here, we present the basic concepts upon which all these techniques are based. It is intended as a condensed primer of Fourier analysis, dealing with fundamental aspects that can be examined in detail elsewhere. It is not intended to be a presentation of detailed Fourier tools for data analysis, but the reader will find the theoretical basis to understand available analysis techniques.