The “Welfareization” of Disability Incomes in Ontario

Canada’s disability income expenditures are rising at an unsustainable rate and the largest and fastest growing program is income or social assistance. We provide critical insight into the intricate drivers behind the alarming rise of disability income expenditures. Drawing on new data and original research, we review the many disability income support programs available to Ontarians, including recent changes to their eligibility and entitlement. We make a strong case for the profound effect that changes in the labor market are having on the ability of individuals to qualify for and to access programs. These trends continue into the third decade of the new millennium. The report suggests that for many people with disabilities, social assistance is the only program able to provide the level of financial support and employment incentives they need to stabilize their circumstances and find a way to enter or reenter the workforce. We examine regional similarities and differences, illustrate the complexity of our disability support systems, and call for reform through careful consideration of the whole system and all levels of government along with private and public sector employers and insurers.