The Future Prospects in Effective Management of Glioblastoma Multiforme Using Exosomes: A Comprehensive Review

Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most common malignant central nervous system tumors, with a survival rate of 6.8% five years post-diagnosis. Despite advances in treatment and improved knowledge of the GBM’s molecular and cellular pathways, existing treatment is seldom curative owing to the infiltrative complexity and resistance of the tumors to radio-chemotherapy. Exosomes are endosomal-derived vesicles that play an essential role in intercellular communication. They are biocompatible, biodegradable, of low immunogenicity, noncytotoxic, having long life span, and targeting specificity, and thus overcome the limitations seen with most polymeric drug delivery systems. Exosomes-based drug delivery systems promise to resolve therapeutic challenges such as drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier and as a means of personalized delivery. This review summarizes the recent studies in GBM therapy and current knowledge on the exosomes-mediated drug delivery in GBM treatment.