Water is a precious resource both for the sustenance of life on the planet and also for the economic growth of society. However, unrestrained use of water to support the needs of a growing population with ever increasing demand for higher standards of life globally creates a stress on the rapidly diminishing supply of fresh water. Sustainable management of water resourcesWater resources ensures its responsible use by reducing consumption and maximizing recycle and reuse of treated wastewater. Many parts of the world, including the western states of the US, are actively pursuing programs to treat municipal wastewater to the primary drinking water standards for direct potable reuse (DPR) or indirect potable reuse (IPR). Similarly, industries also have been implementing reuse measures to minimize withdrawal of fresh water and reuse of treated wastewater. PetroleumPetroleum industries have set their own sustainabilitySustainability goals by following high standards of treatment to move well beyond meeting their discharge compliance requirements and producing a valuable resource for beneficial reuse. This chapter presents the steps taken by petroleumPetroleum industries for sustainable management of water with the help of several case studies provided by Chevron Corporation. Similar sustainabilitySustainability initiatives have also been undertaken by other major energy industries.