Metamaterials are composite media that can be developed to exhibit unique electromagnetic properties for many applications, are engineered from subwavelength building blocks, and are mostly based on metals that have been used to allow for extreme control over optical fields, enabling effects such as negative refraction to be realized. Structured metamaterials are periodically arranged nanostructures in which the dielectric constant is periodically modulated on the basis of length scale comparable to the desired wavelength of operation. Here, interactions of the electric fields of light waves with the subwavelength unit structures can produce effects that are impossible in natural materials. A technique to construct three-dimensional (3D) metamaterials using self-assembling M13 viral building blocks as templates which are then replicated into a metal quasi-3D nanostructure is developed. Also by correct fit of virus fragments, it is possible to use them in a LEGO-like way to develop well-defined structures on the nanoscale. These virus blocks are designed to frequently assemble into 3D periodic network structures with important optical properties. After that, templating of these nanostructures into inorganic materials follows the replication of their network into an inverse periodic metal structure, which has the appropriate architecture for optical metamaterials as per demand. Developing such a technique provides an important link toward the realization of applied metamaterials that potentially create a new era for generating novel types of biosynthetic optical materials. These materials have a wide range of potential uses including cloaking materials, light storage devices, high-speed optical computers, and nano-lasers, and will offer numerous applications in transformation optics. Here, in this chapter, we review the fundamental properties of metamaterials which show nano-metamaterial properties with hyperbolic dispersion relation and present the various applications where such media offer potential for transformative impact on today’s research. These artificial materials support unique bulk electromagnetic states which can make light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. A unified view has been presented of practical approaches to achieve hyperbolic dispersion using thin film and nanowire structures. This chapter also provides a comprehensive trend in the field of hyperbolic metamaterials such as subwavelength imaging and broadband photonic density of states engineering and research. Complete review of some different approaches to transmission enhancement and light harvesting through nanoapertures, namely by utilizing optical nano-antennas, has been discussed. Also some recent results related to beyond 5G applications have been given to develop the theory and sources to design the future devices using nano-metamaterial as nano-antenna is discussed here.

Nano-Metamaterial Devices

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发表日期：

2025年

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Smrity Dwivedi

摘要

Metamaterials are composite media that can be developed to exhibit unique electromagnetic properties for many applications, are engineered from subwavelength building blocks, and are mostly based on metals that have been used to allow for extreme control over optical fields, enabling effects such as negative refraction to be realized. Structured metamaterials are periodically arranged nanostructures in which the dielectric constant is periodically modulated on the basis of length scale comparable to the desired wavelength of operation. Here, interactions of the electric fields of light waves with the subwavelength unit structures can produce effects that are impossible in natural materials. A technique to construct three-dimensional (3D) metamaterials using self-assembling M13 viral building blocks as templates which are then replicated into a metal quasi-3D nanostructure is developed. Also by correct fit of virus fragments, it is possible to use them in a LEGO-like way to develop well-defined structures on the nanoscale. These virus blocks are designed to frequently assemble into 3D periodic network structures with important optical properties. After that, templating of these nanostructures into inorganic materials follows the replication of their network into an inverse periodic metal structure, which has the appropriate architecture for optical metamaterials as per demand. Developing such a technique provides an important link toward the realization of applied metamaterials that potentially create a new era for generating novel types of biosynthetic optical materials. These materials have a wide range of potential uses including cloaking materials, light storage devices, high-speed optical computers, and nano-lasers, and will offer numerous applications in transformation optics. Here, in this chapter, we review the fundamental properties of metamaterials which show nano-metamaterial properties with hyperbolic dispersion relation and present the various applications where such media offer potential for transformative impact on today’s research. These artificial materials support unique bulk electromagnetic states which can make light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. A unified view has been presented of practical approaches to achieve hyperbolic dispersion using thin film and nanowire structures. This chapter also provides a comprehensive trend in the field of hyperbolic metamaterials such as subwavelength imaging and broadband photonic density of states engineering and research. Complete review of some different approaches to transmission enhancement and light harvesting through nanoapertures, namely by utilizing optical nano-antennas, has been discussed. Also some recent results related to beyond 5G applications have been given to develop the theory and sources to design the future devices using nano-metamaterial as nano-antenna is discussed here.