In this chapter, a multiband and high gain patch antenna array was designed and fabricated using metamaterial concept, that is, near-zero permittivity medium (ENZ). The near-zero permittivity medium under consideration is composed of a periodic collection of planar micro-wires. The plasma frequency is lowered from UV region to microwave region by manipulating the structural parameters of micro-wires. The effective medium ratio (λ0/p) for the proposed structure is compared with various other metamaterial structures to indicate the compact nature. The planar micro-wire array attains negative permittivity values over frequencies 1.5–11.5 GHz and near-zero permittivity value at the plasma frequency (11.5 GHz) and above it. Extraction of effective epsilon for a planar micro-wire array can be achieved from full-wave simulated S parameters. Parametric studies of the planar micro-wire array are carried out and described in detail. The ENZ medium exhibits a peculiar property of confining the radiation fields when it is oriented in the direction of the electric field of the antenna. In compliance with Snell’s law, the key attribute of near-zero permittivity medium above the plasma frequency is utilized to enhance the antenna properties by embedding antenna in ENZ medium. The proposed model increases a maximum peak gain from 6 to 8.3 dB at 11.7 GHz for single element embedded structure; it corresponds to 38.3% gain enhancement. For 1 × 4 antenna array-loaded structure, the gain enhanced from 12.2 to 14.19 dB and greatly improved radiation directivity. Radiation efficiency is above 92% for the multi-operating band, that is, X-band (11.7 GHz), Ku-band (18 GHz), K-band (22.7 GHz, 26.7 GHz), and Ka-band (29.5 GHz). The measured and simulated results are found to be in good agreement.

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Planar Micro-Wire Array as a Near-Zero Permittivity Medium for a Multiband and Directive Antenna Applications

  • V. R. Anitha,
  • Narjala Sri Pravallika

摘要

In this chapter, a multiband and high gain patch antenna array was designed and fabricated using metamaterial concept, that is, near-zero permittivity medium (ENZ). The near-zero permittivity medium under consideration is composed of a periodic collection of planar micro-wires. The plasma frequency is lowered from UV region to microwave region by manipulating the structural parameters of micro-wires. The effective medium ratio (λ0/p) for the proposed structure is compared with various other metamaterial structures to indicate the compact nature. The planar micro-wire array attains negative permittivity values over frequencies 1.5–11.5 GHz and near-zero permittivity value at the plasma frequency (11.5 GHz) and above it. Extraction of effective epsilon for a planar micro-wire array can be achieved from full-wave simulated S parameters. Parametric studies of the planar micro-wire array are carried out and described in detail. The ENZ medium exhibits a peculiar property of confining the radiation fields when it is oriented in the direction of the electric field of the antenna. In compliance with Snell’s law, the key attribute of near-zero permittivity medium above the plasma frequency is utilized to enhance the antenna properties by embedding antenna in ENZ medium. The proposed model increases a maximum peak gain from 6 to 8.3 dB at 11.7 GHz for single element embedded structure; it corresponds to 38.3% gain enhancement. For 1 × 4 antenna array-loaded structure, the gain enhanced from 12.2 to 14.19 dB and greatly improved radiation directivity. Radiation efficiency is above 92% for the multi-operating band, that is, X-band (11.7 GHz), Ku-band (18 GHz), K-band (22.7 GHz, 26.7 GHz), and Ka-band (29.5 GHz). The measured and simulated results are found to be in good agreement.