Basic Education in Timor-Leste

In the past two decades post-conflict and postindependence, Timor-Leste has made significant progress in primary and secondary education for years 1–12. This chapter outlines the 20-year journey of rebuilding destroyed classrooms, initiating a nationally led curriculum, and replacing almost the entire workforce with Timorese teachers. Significant achievements have occurred. There are now over 1800 public and private schools, and student enrolments have gradually increased to around 180,000 students in years 1–6 and similarly for years 7–12. A national Timorese-led curriculum has been implemented for years 1–6 and is now underway for years 7–9, with years 10–12 general secondary pathway (the focus of this chapter) also being reconsidered. The teacher workforce skills have been progressively updated, including an ongoing workshop and mentoring program focused on school leaders regularly observing and regularly receiving feedback and implementing instructional leadership processes. There are early signs of improved student achievement. Despite progress made, including overall enrolment increase and gender parity, there are still issues with lack of buildings, large class sizes, student retention, and underqualified teachers. Some student groups are especially disadvantaged, including those children with a disability, students in rural areas, and teenage pregnant girls, and those who are vulnerable and from low socioeconomic groups. Timor-Leste’s Constitution recognizes education as a right for all people, and this chapter highlights some early initiatives to achieve equity. Further commitment and perseverance will be needed to ensure educational achievement for every child, irrespective of background and ability.