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This chapter presents a comprehensive comparative synthesis of the evolution and convergence of seismic design provisions for reinforced concrete and steel building structures in the United States, Canada, and China. It traces the transformation of the governing frameworks—ASCE 7/IBC in the United States, NBCC with CSA A23.3 and CSA S16 in Canada, and GB 50011, GB 50191, and JGJ 3 in China—from empirical, strength-based rules to modern probabilistic, performance-based, and capacity-consistent systems. The discussion highlights the progression from deterministic zonation to probabilistic and risk-targeted ground-motion models, underscoring the shift from simple lateral coefficients to site-specific uniform hazard spectra and, more recently, to risk-informed maximum considered earthquakes. Comparative analyses of equivalent static and dynamic procedures reveal a unified mathematical logic in base-shear formulation, spectral acceleration parameters, and force-reduction factors—R in ASCE 7 and Rd Ro in NBCC, each calibrated to system ductility and overstrength. The chapter further contrasts the implementation of capacity design and detailing requirements across material standards (ACI 318/AISC 341, CSA A23.3/S16, GB 50010/50191), showing how ductility and redundancy are systematically linked to construction detailing. Examination of seismic design objectives demonstrates convergence toward comparable life-safety and collapse-prevention targets, with China’s three-level “No-damage under frequent earthquake(FE)，Repairable under medium earthquakes(ME) and No-collapse under rare earthquakes(RE)” performance philosophy complementing the risk-targeted approaches of North America. Finally, the chapter identifies emerging global trends—risk-informed performance-based design, digital and AI-assisted analysis, and resilience-oriented objectives—that collectively signal the formation of a unified international paradigm for seismic safety and functional continuity in building structures.

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Comparison of Current Developments and Future Prospects on Seismic Design for Reinforced Concrete and Steel Building Structures in North America and China

  • 动态工具书词条

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Zheng Yu Hu,
  • Kaihai Luo,
  • Jianping Wu

摘要

This chapter presents a comprehensive comparative synthesis of the evolution and convergence of seismic design provisions for reinforced concrete and steel building structures in the United States, Canada, and China. It traces the transformation of the governing frameworks—ASCE 7/IBC in the United States, NBCC with CSA A23.3 and CSA S16 in Canada, and GB 50011, GB 50191, and JGJ 3 in China—from empirical, strength-based rules to modern probabilistic, performance-based, and capacity-consistent systems. The discussion highlights the progression from deterministic zonation to probabilistic and risk-targeted ground-motion models, underscoring the shift from simple lateral coefficients to site-specific uniform hazard spectra and, more recently, to risk-informed maximum considered earthquakes. Comparative analyses of equivalent static and dynamic procedures reveal a unified mathematical logic in base-shear formulation, spectral acceleration parameters, and force-reduction factors—R in ASCE 7 and Rd Ro in NBCC, each calibrated to system ductility and overstrength. The chapter further contrasts the implementation of capacity design and detailing requirements across material standards (ACI 318/AISC 341, CSA A23.3/S16, GB 50010/50191), showing how ductility and redundancy are systematically linked to construction detailing. Examination of seismic design objectives demonstrates convergence toward comparable life-safety and collapse-prevention targets, with China’s three-level “No-damage under frequent earthquake(FE)，Repairable under medium earthquakes(ME) and No-collapse under rare earthquakes(RE)” performance philosophy complementing the risk-targeted approaches of North America. Finally, the chapter identifies emerging global trends—risk-informed performance-based design, digital and AI-assisted analysis, and resilience-oriented objectives—that collectively signal the formation of a unified international paradigm for seismic safety and functional continuity in building structures.