In this chapter, polishing technologies used for artificial implants surface finishing are introduced. It starts with an overview of hip replacement and knee replacement. The biomaterials for arthroplasty components and the general processes for the manufacturing of arthroplasty components are reviewed. The ultra-precision polishing technologies for finishing the load-bearing surfaces of artificial joints are then discussed in terms of polishing technologies, material removal mechanism, surface roughness improvement, and form correction. Different types of polishing technologies, which can be potentially used for artificial joints in the future, are also reviewed and special attention is paid to the bonnet polishing technology.