Israel’s solar energy policy has evolved into a crucial aspect of the country’s energy strategy, motivated by national security considerations, climate change mitigation, and economic development. This chapter first examines the historical development of solar energy adoption in Israel, from the introduction of solar water heaters in the 1950s to the widespread adoption of rooftop photovoltaics (PV). It then reviews Israel’s current challenges in meeting its 30% renewables target by 2030. These include issues regarding land allocation, grid limitations and technical constraints, bureaucratic hurdles, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Finally, the chapter examines various solutions to these constraints, including dual-use solar technologies and regulatory reforms. By merging policy analysis, quantitative data, and qualitative discourse, this chapter offers insights into how technological, political, and cultural forces converge to reshape Israel’s solar energy future.