In August 1945, 15,000 European Jewish refugees, 5000 Russian Jews, and a few hundred Iraqi Jews lived in Shanghai. Smaller Russian Jewish communities resided in Tientsin and Harbin. In late 1945, the Nationalist government (and later the Communists) encouraged foreigners, including Jews, to leave China. This chapter examines the aliyah (immigration to Israel) of Jews from China during 1945–1951 and focuses on the efforts of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) to organize and implement the aliyah from Shanghai, Tientsin, and Harbin. Several interrelated issues are examined. First, what factors influenced Jews in China to make aliyah or resettle elsewhere? Second, how significant were the roles of JDC and the International Refugee Organization (IRO) in the aliyah of Jews from China? Finally, what can we learn from the aliyah experience of the Jews of China? The chapter should add new information to the findings of earlier writings about the aliyah of Jews from China. First, after World War II, very few European Jewish refugees wanted to resettle in Mandate Palestine; most preferred the USA, Australia, or repatriation. Second, by mid-1948, restrictive immigration policies in the USA, Australia, and elsewhere influenced many of the remaining Jews in China to seek aliyah. Third, by 1949, however, many of the remaining Jews in China did not rush to leave for Israel. Some refused to go, others repatriated, those with visas went elsewhere, and some remained in China. Finally, JDC, with financial support from IRO, organized the aliyah of Jews from China.