Despite rapid economic growth in the post-reform period and all the flagship programs of the government, India ranks very low on narrowing the gender gap in education, health, and economic participation. India is the third largest economy of the world but is among the countries of the world where female labor force participation is challenged with less than one-third of women in any form of paid work. In this context, the role of the National Mission for Empowerment of Women (NMEW) is crucial for interministerial convergence of gender mainstreaming of programs, policies, and institutional processes of participating ministries, which have largely operated independently and in a stand-alone manner. Sustainable development in India can be a reality only when there is gender equality and justice-based development that accords top priority to the welfare of women.