This chapter examines the relationship between economic conditions, legislative amendments and crime trends, contributing to the understanding of the causes of crime and the socio-economic factors influencing it. Crime imposes significant social costs, hindering socio-economic development at all levels. Although crime trends vary over time and across regions, many patterns co-vary internationally despite differences in political and socio-economic conditions or crime policies. Macro-level variations and similarities in crime trends have been explained through diverse frameworks, with cross-national and longitudinal research on crime rates gaining importance. Focusing on Lithuania, this study utilises national statistical data and other sources to explore how amendments to legal acts on criminal offences affect crime trends. It addresses the central question: can economic conditions and legislative changes explain crime trends across time and place? The results showed that economic conditions and legislative amendments in Lithuania significantly, though unevenly, impact crime trends. Effective legislative strategies require a thorough analysis of social and economic factors and alignment with broader policies tackling social inequality, unemployment, and other factors driving criminal behaviour, ensuring meaningful contributions to public safety, social cohesion, and justice.