While the European Union’s (EU) status as a normative, civilian power has increasingly been called into question, this chapter contends that the EU has successfully positioned itself a global leader in promoting the politics of memory and transitional justice. Although this commitment remained implicit during the early history of integration, it has become more explicit since 1989. After tracing the role of remembrance in the origins and development of the EU, this chapter examines how the EU has made engagement with the past a matter of policy both in its internal politics towards its member-states and candidate countries, as well as in its external relations. Based on evidence collected from EU resolutions, declarations, and other formal policy documents, I argue that the EU has been able to use the carrot of membership to force changes as part of the accession process. Although the EU has a leadership position in promoting the emergence and development of the anti-impunity norm, it has proved difficult to apply this norm to existing member-states and third countries. In the coming years, the EU will face a number of challenges in this area, including growing internal divisions, a lack of engagement with Europe’s colonial legacy, and the issues of memory and transitional justice raised by Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.