This chapter argues that in European Union (EU) enlargement, preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) has come to emerge as a novel international agenda of stabilisation and transformation that summarises and complements previously dominant agendas such as peace-building, reconciliation, state-building and human security. As a catch-all category, P/CVE summarises a myriad of issues and actors in its governance framework and serves governance functions beyond the prevention of violent extremism. The chapter shows how P/CVE in EU enlargement and specifically in the region of South-Eastern Europe (SEE) resembles earlier liberal international and EU agendas of stabilisation and transformation in its attempt to cut across various governance themes, its problem analysis, the network of actors and funding streams it builds and relies on, and the language used. It thus represents a cross-cutting catch-all category of international governance. The chapter highlights how the EU uses the catch-all character of P/CVE to position itself as a geopolitical (member) state-building actor in SEE.