This paper explores the critical role ofSustainability capacityAgriculture building in enhancing waterWater managementWater management strategies within agricultural systems, and particularly the contributions made by the International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies of Bari (CIHEAM BariCIHEAM Bari) in this area in the recent past. With increasing pressures on water resourcesResource due to climateClimate changeClimate change, population growth, and rising agricultural demands, effective water managementWater management is essential for ensuring sustainableSustainable agricultural productivity and foodFood production. Capacity buildingCapacity building, which involves improving skills, knowledge, and institutional frameworks, is pivotal in fostering more efficient and adaptive water use practices in agricultureAgriculture. The study explores various approaches to capacity buildingCapacity building, including training programs, technological innovations, and knowledge-sharing initiatives aimed at farmers, water managers, and policymakers. By strengthening local expertise and institutional capacities, these initiatives can promote more informed decision-making and the implementation of sustainableSustainable water managementWater management practices. The paper also examines the successes and challenges of capacity buildingCapacity building efforts in waterWater managementWater management. Through case studies and best practices, the study highlights the positive impacts of capacity buildingCapacity building on improving water use efficiency, reducing waste, and enhancing agricultural productivity. The findings emphasize that investing in capacity buildingCapacity building is essential for achieving long-term sustainabilitySustainability in agricultureAgriculture, ensuring both food security and the preservation of valuable water resourcesResource.