As our world becomes increasingly interconnected, the concept of critical infrastructure has become paramount in understanding the resilience of modern societies. Critical infrastructures, such as power grids, communication networks, and transportation systems, are the backbones of societal sustainability, safety, and security. These infrastructures are not only essential for the day-to-day functioning of communities, but they also play a crucial role in enabling economic competitiveness, public health, and the ability to cope with crises. However, the growing complexity and interdependence of these critical systems have also introduced greater vulnerabilities. The disruption of one critical infrastructure can have cascading effects on others, leading to widespread societal disruption. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the reliance on automated control systems and the increased connectivity of these systems through the internet, which further exposes them to various threats, including malevolent attacks, natural disasters, and random failures. To address these challenges, it is essential to understand the operational environment of critical infrastructures and the potential threats they face. The paper aims to present a review of critical infrastructure threats through modern society’s countermeasures tools.