An Overview of Environmental Impact of the Long-Term Mining, Ambient Dose Equivalent Rates in Urban Air and Remediation Proposals

The long-term operation of formerly the most important mining area in Europe, the “Trepča” facilities (Pb-Zn mine, Pb flotation and smelter, chemical industry, battery factory, Zn metallurgy), led to significant pollution of the urban environment of the nearest town Kosovska Mitrovica. Besides known chemical pollution due to mining processes, there is a radiological impact due to radionuclides present in air, soil and water. Preliminary, it can be established by the measurements of ambient gamma dose rates in air in urban, suburb and industrial parts of study area. About 39 locations were subjected to measurements of ambient dose equivalent rates by Geiger counter Radex model RD1503+, and spatial distribution maps were made based on GIS (Geographic Information System) methodology. The wide range of results (0.07–0.33 μSv/h) was discussed regarding a few aspects including influences of geology, mining and urban features. A long-term mining left serious consequences on environment and negative effects on health. Some solutions for remediation and reuse of abandoned landfills were proposed for a healthier future.