Between Tradition and Modernity: Exploring the Differences in Factors Driving Happiness in Indigenous and the General Population in Bangladesh

This chapter delves into the distinctive determinants of subjective wellbeing (SWB) among indigenous communities, specifically the Chakma, Marma, and Sawtal people in Bangladesh. Utilizing a nationally representative survey, the research investigates the effect of absolute income, relative income, and a multidimensional poverty index on life satisfaction, considering gender differences. The findings reveal that income strongly influences SWB with the effect being significantly higher for the general population compared to indigenous communities. However, the depth of poverty, rather than its incidence, is more relevant for happiness, particularly among indigenous men. Relative income emerges as a determinant for the general population, indicating that a larger income gap reduces happiness. Moreover, improvements in a measure of multidimensional poverty exhibit a positive correlation with happiness, with a more pronounced effect for indigenous communities. This underscores the need for holistic development strategies addressing income, quality of life, capabilities, and social inequalities, particularly crucial for the wellbeing of the indigenous communities in Bangladesh.