Image Contrast and Its Formation Mechanism in STEM

In this chapter, various kinds of image contrast and related theories for STEM are explained in detail and their actual STEM images are shown. The introductory knowledge for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXEnergy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)) and scanning confocal electron microscope (SCEMScanning confocal electron microscopy (SCEM)) is also described.